-
1 low alloy carbon steels
Металловедение: низколегированные углеродистые сталиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > low alloy carbon steels
-
2 low
низкий; невысокий; незначительный; недостаточный- low-bed semitrailer - low-bed trailer - low brass - low-built chassis - low calorific value - low carbon - low-down trailer - low-duty - low-duty conditions - low-expansion - low-freezing- low gear- low grade - low-grade rubber - low-hardenability steels - low land - low-level chassis - low limit - low-load running - low loader - low-loading chassis - low-loading tyres - low-low - low-melting alloy - low mileage - low oil alarm - low periodicity - low power - low-powered - low pressure - low-pressure - low-pressure atomizer - low-pressure charging - low-pressure turbine - low-pressure tyre - low quality - low Repair cost - low-shear-strength film - low-sided - low-slung - low speed - low-speed- low spot- low stagger blading - low sulphur fuel - low-temperature embrittlement - low-temperature oxydation - low-temperature properties of materials - low-temperature pumpability limit - low-temperature resistance - low-temperature sludge - low-temperature test - low-tension battery - low-tension magneto - low-tolerance - low traffic capacity - low truss bridge - low visibility - low voltage machine - low-voltage magneto -
3 низколегированные углеродистые стали
Metal science: low alloy carbon steelsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > низколегированные углеродистые стали
-
4 high-grade steel
< mat> ■ Qualitätsstahl m -
5 premium steel
-
6 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
-
7 high
область повышенного барометрического давления; антициклон; пик; II резкий; высокий (о звуке); сильный; мощный (о пласте); интенсивный; главный- high-altitude - high angle joint - high back pressure - high bank - high beam - high boiling point - high caloric power - high calorific power - high camber - high-capacity - high-capacity tyre - high-carbon - high-carbon steel - high-class - high compression - high-crowned - high-dispersion nozzle - high duty - high efficiency - high-flash oil - high-flex cord - high-flying highway - high-frequency current - high-frequency heating - high grade - high-hardenability-core steels - high-hardenability steels - high-heat - high-heating value - high land - high limit - high low - high manoeuvrability - high mileage - high-mortality parts - high-octane number component - high-octane rating - high polish - high-power - high-precision - high pressure - high-pressure atomizer - high-pressure car washer - high pressure compressor - high pressure charging - high-pressure pipe - high-pressure turbine - high-pressure tyre - high-quality - high range of action - high road - high side - high speed - high-speed photography - high-speed reverse - high-speed test circuit - high-speed track - high-speed traffic - high-speed trailer - high-speed tunnel - wind tunnel - high-speed tyre - high spot - high spot location of steering gear - high-strength - high-sulphur fuel - high-temperature distillation - high-temperature material - high-temperature oxidation - high-temperature sludge - high-temperature steel - high-temperature strength - high-tempera hire treatment - high-tensile - high-tension battery - high-tension ignition - high-tension magneto - high tension terminal - high-tin babbit - high-torque low-speed test - high-torque test - high-volume production - high-way - high-wearing - high-wheeled vehicle
См. также в других словарях:
Carbon steel — Iron alloy phases Ferrite (α iron, δ iron) Austenite (γ iron) Pearlite (88% ferrite, 12% cementite) … Wikipedia
Alloy steel — is steel alloyed with other elements in amounts of between 1 and 50% by weight to improve its mechanical properties. Alloy steels are broken down into two groups: low alloy steels and high alloy steels. Low alloy steels are defined as having an… … Wikipedia
Alloy — This article is about the type of material. For the specification language, see Alloy (specification language). For lightweight auto wheels, see alloy wheel. Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon content between 0.02%… … Wikipedia
alloy — n. /al oy, euh loy /; v. /euh loy /, n. 1. a substance composed of two or more metals, or of a metal or metals with a nonmetal, intimately mixed, as by fusion or electrodeposition. 2. a less costly metal mixed with a more valuable one. 3.… … Universalium
Shape memory alloy — A shape memory alloy (SMA, also known as a smart alloy, memory metal, or muscle wire) is an alloy that remembers its shape, and can be returned to that shape after being deformed, by applying heat to the alloy. When the shape memory effect is… … Wikipedia
Shape-memory alloy — A shape memory alloy (SMA, smart metal, memory metal, memory alloy, muscle wire, smart alloy) is an alloy that remembers its original, cold forged shape: returning the pre deformed shape by heating. This material is a lightweight, solid state… … Wikipedia
steel — steellike, adj. /steel/, n. 1. any of various modified forms of iron, artificially produced, having a carbon content less than that of pig iron and more than that of wrought iron, and having qualities of hardness, elasticity, and strength varying … Universalium
Steel — For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). The steel cable of a colliery winding tower … Wikipedia
materials science — the study of the characteristics and uses of various materials, as glass, plastics, and metals. [1960 65] * * * Study of the properties of solid materials and how those properties are determined by the material s composition and structure, both… … Universalium
Mintek — Type Mining and Minerals Research Industry Mining Founded 1934 Headquarters … Wikipedia
Brazing — This article is about the metal joining process. For the cooking technique, see braising. Brazing practice Brazing is a metal joining process whereby a filler metal is heated above and distributed between two or more close fitting parts by… … Wikipedia
